Which movement has normative end feel described as Hard/Firm with a range of 0-80 degrees?

• A. Elbow extension
• B. Forearm supination/pronation
• C. Wrist extension
• D. Shoulder internal rotation

Answer: (B)

End feel describes how tissues resist movement at the end of ROM. For forearm rotation—supination and pronation—the end feel is firm due to the tightness of the interosseous membrane and the radioulnar ligaments as the radius turns around the ulna. This gives a noticeable, yielding resistance rather than a hard bone-on-bone stop, which fits a firm end feel. The typical range for rotating the forearm is about 0 to 80 degrees, so this combination of a firm end feel and an 0-80 degree arc matches the normative pattern for this movement.

Elbow extension usually shows a hard end feel from bony contact and extends beyond 80 degrees, wrist extension tends to be firm with a ROM around 0-70 degrees, and shoulder internal rotation has a firm end feel with a ROM generally up to about 0-70 degrees.