Which abnormal end feel is described as capsule adhesion, being more firm and with less mobility than expected?

• A. Empty
• B. Capsule adhesion
• C. Muscle guarding
• D. Capsule laxity

Answer: (B)

Abnormal end feel described as capsule adhesion reflects a capsular end feel caused by adhesions within the joint capsule. When the capsule sticks and thickens, its ability to stretch and allow sliding of joint surfaces is reduced. As you reach end range, you feel a firm, inelastic resistance rather than a smooth, yielding stretch. Mobility is less than expected because the adhesions physically limit how far the joint can glide, so the end feel is firmer and ROM is reduced. This contrasts with an empty end feel (pain stops motion before end range), muscle guarding (protective muscle spasm creates a variable end feel), and capsule laxity (end feel is too loose with excessive ROM). Hard end feel would be bone-on-bone contact, not due to capsule adhesions.