What is the normative end feel for thoracolumbar flexion?

• A. Soft
• B. Hard
• C. Firm
• D. Springy

Answer: (C)

When we talk about end feel in a movement, we’re describing the sensation at the limit of motion and what structures are resisting further movement. For thoracolumbar flexion, the limiting resistance comes mainly from the posterior elements of the spine—the ligaments that run along the back (such as the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments), the facet joint capsules, and the posterior aspects of the discs and vertebrae. As you bend forward to end range, these tissues tighten and produce a firm, leathery resistance rather than a soft squish or a hard bony stop. A soft end feel would imply tissue bulk or soft tissues compressing in a way that isn’t typical for this motion, and a hard end feel would suggest a direct bony contact at the limit of ROM, which isn’t the normal pattern for thoracolumbar flexion. A springy end feel would hint at a meniscal or disc derangement, which is not expected in a normal, healthy end range. So the normative end feel for thoracolumbar flexion is firm.