What is the normal capsular pattern for the glenohumeral joint?

• A. External rotation > abduction > internal rotation (3:2:1)
• B. Internal rotation > abduction > external rotation
• C. Flexion > extension
• D. Abduction > external rotation > internal rotation

Answer: (A)

The glenohumeral joint’s capsular pattern is external rotation being the most limited, followed by abduction, and then internal rotation being the least limited. This order reflects how a tightened joint capsule affects external rotation first (the posterior capsule and rotator interval restrict ER), with abduction next as the capsule tightens, while internal rotation is relatively preserved because it relies more on scapulothoracic movement and requires less joint surface stretch. This pattern is characteristic of capsular involvement such as adhesive capsulitis and helps explain why ER loss is typically the greatest.