What is the AAOS normative end feel for knee flexion?

• A. Soft (may see firm if tension on anterior capsule)
• B. Firm
• C. Hard
• D. Empty

Answer: (A)

The end feel for knee flexion in a healthy joint is soft tissue approximation. As you bend the knee, the back of the thigh and the calf come into contact, creating a cushiony, soft endpoint. This normal soft end feel reflects the natural give of soft tissues around the joint. If the anterior capsule or related anterior structures are tense, you may feel a firmer end feel because the joint’s soft tissues can’t yield as easily. In contrast, a hard end feel would be more typical of a bony block or joint surface contact (often seen with extension), and an empty end feel suggests pain or joint pathology rather than normal end feel.