What is the AAOS normative range for IP great toe flexion?

• A. 0-30 or up to 90 (vary widely)
• B. 0-20 degrees
• C. 0-40 degrees
• D. 0-60 degrees

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is that normal ROM for the interphalangeal joint of the big toe isn’t a single fixed value. The AAOS notes that reports of the hallux IP flexion range vary widely. Some sources describe about 0 to 30 degrees as normal, while others allow up to around 90 degrees. This variation comes from differences in how ROM is measured—active versus passive movement, whether the first metatarsophalangeal joint is stabilized, and the patient’s position (non-weight-bearing, seated, or weight-bearing)—as well as natural anatomical differences and soft tissue constraints. So, the best way to express the normative range is that it varies widely, which is why the answer reflects both ends of the spectrum. When assessing a patient, use the specific reference values and method your practice or course uses, and note how you measured.