What is the AAOS normative end feel for ankle inversion?

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Multiple Choice

What is the AAOS normative end feel for ankle inversion?

Explanation:
End feel describes the quality of resistance at the end of passive ROM. For ankle inversion, the normal end feel is firm. As inversion occurs, the lateral ligaments (notably the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments) and the joint capsule tighten, producing a springy, definite stop without pain or full bone contact. This capsuloligamentous tension gives a firm end feel. A soft end feel would mean tissue compression without ligament tension, a hard end feel would be bone-on-bone contact, and an empty end feel would indicate pain preventing a definite end point.

End feel describes the quality of resistance at the end of passive ROM. For ankle inversion, the normal end feel is firm. As inversion occurs, the lateral ligaments (notably the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments) and the joint capsule tighten, producing a springy, definite stop without pain or full bone contact. This capsuloligamentous tension gives a firm end feel. A soft end feel would mean tissue compression without ligament tension, a hard end feel would be bone-on-bone contact, and an empty end feel would indicate pain preventing a definite end point.

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