For knee flexion/extension ROM, where is the goniometer's fulcrum placed?

• A. Lateral epicondyle of the femur
• B. Medial epicondyle of the femur
• C. Greater trochanter
• D. Lateral malleolus

Answer: (A)

When measuring knee flexion and extension, the device’s axis should line up with the knee joint’s center of rotation. Placing the fulcrum over the lateral epicondyle of the femur puts the goniometer's axis right through the area where the knee actually hinges, so the movement you measure reflects true joint motion. The proximal arm is typically aligned along the thigh toward the greater trochanter, and the distal arm along the leg toward the lateral malleolus. The other landmarks are used for aligning the arms or distal measurement, not the joint’s axis, which is why the lateral epicondyle is the correct fulcrum.