For Great Toe MTP extension measurement, what is the goniometer fulcrum location?

• A. Over the plantar aspect of the MTP joint
• B. Over the dorsal midline of the distal metatarsal
• C. Over the dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx
• D. Over the dorsal aspect of the MTP joint

Answer: (D)

Measuring the great toe MTP extension hinges on aligning the goniometer with the joint’s actual axis of rotation. That axis runs through the dorsal aspect of the MTP joint at the metatarsal head–proximal phalanx area, so placing the fulcrum there lets the instrument capture the true movement between the metatarsal head and proximal phalanx. Placing the fulcrum on the plantar side, or along the distal metatarsal, or along the proximal phalanx, would misalign with the joint’s axis and give inaccurate readings. So, the fulcrum should be placed over the dorsal aspect of the MTP joint.